Filter masks are conventional protective devices for human respiratory system against CHEMICAL WEAPONS. Due to the diffusion of some ultra high risk CHEMICAL agents through the masks, it is necessary to use the enclosed air breathing system. In other words, human exhalation can be applied with no need to use the contaminated ambient air. In this work, a new system containing three parts (dehumidifier and odorants remover, oxygen generation system (OGS) and COx remover) is proposed and tested which led to the production of 2.5ml/min of O2 from human exhalation. The key step in the system is conversion of CO2 to CO and O2 in OGS. OGS works on the principle of proper solid oxide electrolysis (such as Yttria Stabilized Zirconia or YSZ) which acts as oxygen ion conductor at elevated temperatures. The experiments showed that such system is steadily able to produce 300ml of O2 for at least 2 hours.

Enforcing the law and maintaining order and security is the governments’ top priorities. Police can be claimed to be the first agent for maintaining the public security, so should be prepared to deal with even potential threats.CHEMICALs can become threat to the public security to which police are related in the following situations:1- CHEMICAL warfare;2- Unwanted presence of CHEMICALs in unexpected events;3- CHEMICALs usage in riot control.The present paper tries to have an introductory elaboration on CHEMICALs and aims at explaining the CHEMICALs used as chemo terroristic elements.

Aims: The Iraqi government performed numerous CHEMICAL attacks against north-west of Iran and Iraq nonmilitary civilians during 1980-88. The aim of this survey was to investigate the long term respiratory complications among CHEMICAL injury victims of Iraqi Kurdistan region.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in year 2008 on Iraqi Kurdish CHEMICAL injury victims who were invited by public invitation and 479 eligible patients entered the study by census sampling method. Then, physical examination, spirometry and thoracic high-resolution computed tomography were carried out on patients. Blistering after CHEMICAL weapon exposure was used to identify the significant exposure to sulfur mustard and patients were divided into two groups of having blisters and without blisters. Results of the two groups were compared by SPSS 16 software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test, exact Fissure test, Chi square test and multivariate regression.Results: Among 479 participants, 45.7% were male and 54.3% were female. The mean age was 43.1±13.7. Spirometry was abnormal in 15.2% of patients and air trapping was present on CT scan in 46.6% cases and there was no significant difference between patients with blisters (n=278) and without a history of blistering. However, Blistering after CHEMICAL weapon exposure associated with more respiratory symptoms and worse lung function especially among Halabja inhabitants.Conclusion: Iraqi Kurdish CHEMICAL injury victims suffer from severe respiratory complications which may reflect the absence of essential preventive training for reduction of contact with CHEMICALs and early treatment after incidents.